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Collecting Qualitative Data: Focus Groups
Industry FundamentalsA focus group is a planned group discussion. The purpose is to obtain feedback, opinions and ideas through a conversation among the participants, who are selected by the researcher. The researcher (or research assistant) is the moderator of…

The bigger the better: The law of large numbers
Industry FundamentalsWhen using statistics to make predictions or test hypotheses about a population, the more members of that population that can be included in the sample, the more accurate your predictions or tests are likely to be. (If you use the entire population…

Levels of Measurement
Industry FundamentalsThe data we collect have some type of measurement associated with them. This includes data that consists of counts (how many of something there is). In statistics, we classify data into one of four types of measures: nominal, ordinal, interval…

Measures of Central Tendency
Industry FundamentalsIn many cases when we collect data, we determine where they tend to gather. We want to find where the 'crowd' of numbers is. This is called the measures of central tendency. The three main measures of central tendency are the mean, median…

Evolution of Data Science
Industry Fundamentals
Though data analysis is not new, future applications of it will depend on advanced data scientists with analytical skills and experiences utilizing statistic models. The following events have contributed to the evolution of data science…

How Many Deer Are There? Sampling Techniques to Estimate Populations
Industry FundamentalsA 2014 BBC report states that the world population of tigers is 3,000, down from 100,000 forty years ago. How are organizations, such as the London Zoological Society, able to determine this since animals do not stay still and allow themselves…

What is Machine Learning? How Does it Help Society?
Industry Fundamentals, ProgrammingMachine learning is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides the ability of a system to use data and experience to improve its performance. This entails a system learning without being programmed. Simply put, machine learning is…